The Effect of media types on the growth of insect pathogenic fungi (Aschersonia placenta)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bali has favorable conditions for the production and expansion of citrus plantations. However, citrus cultivation in Bali often faces challenges, including reduced yield caused by pest infestations and pathogenic diseases. One significant pest affecting citrus plants is the whitefly. A potential method for controlling whiteflies is the use of natural enemies. The entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia placenta is one of natural enemy that can effectively manage whitefly infestations. However, the succesful utilization of A. placenta requires a specialized approach, particularly in selecting an appropriate growth medium. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different growth media on the development of the entomopathogenic fungus A. placenta. The research began with field sampling, followed by the isolation and morphological identification of A. placenta to obtain a pure culture. Subsequently, media tests were conducted to evaluate fungal growth. Nine treatments were implemented to examine the impact of different media: (1) Water Agar (WA), (2) Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), (3) Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA), (4) Water Agar + Weaver Ant Eggs Flour (WA-WAEF), (5) Potato Dextrose Agar + Weaver Ant Eggs Flour (PDA -WAEF), (6) Potato Sucrose Agar + Weaver Ant Eggs Flour (PSA-WAEF), (7) Water Agar + Cricket Flour (WA-CF), (8) Potato Dextrose Agar + Cricket Flour (PDA-CF), and (9) Potato Sucrose Agar + Cricket Flour (PSA-CF). The results demonstrated that incorporating cricket insect flour (Gryllidae: Orthoptera) or weaver ant egg flour (Oecophylla smaragdina) into potato sucrose media provided the most optimal growth environment for A. placenta.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Central Bureau of Statistics. 2020. Produksi Buah Jeruk Dirinci Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Bali, 2000-2018 [Citrus Fruit Production Detailed by Regency/City in Bali, 2000-2018]. https://bali.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjAwIzI=/produksi-buah-jeruk-provinsi-bali-menurut-kabupaten-kota.html. Accessed 20 February 2024.
Fitriana Y, Suharjo R, Swibawa IG, Purnomo, Lestari P, & Merdiana E. 2018. Influence of culture medium of culture medium on the sporulation and viability of Aspergillus sp. and Talaromyces sp. entomopathogenic fungi. J. Trop Plant Pests Dis. 18(1): 12–22.
Flint ML. 2002. Whiteflies Integrated Pest Management for Homes, Gardens, and Landscape [Internet]. Pest Notes: Whiteflies, Oakland: University of California, Agriculture Natural Resources. Publication No. 7401. http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7401.html
Gabriel BP & Riyatno. 1989. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sor: Taksonomi, Patologi, Produksi dan Aplikasinya [Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sor: Taxonomy, Pathology, Production and Applications]. Direktorat Perlindungan Tanaman Perkebunan, Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
Liu M, Chaverri P, & Hodge KT. 2006. A taxonomic revision of the insect biocontrol fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis, its allies with white stromata and their Hypocrella sexual states. Mycol. Res. 110(5): 537–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2006.01.013
Maia LC, & Yano-Melo AM. 2001. Germination and germ tube growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora albida in different substrates. Braz. J. Microbiol. 32: 281–285.
Meekes ETM, Fransen JJ, & van-Lenteren JC. 2002. Pathogenicity of Aschersonia spp. against whiteflies Bemisia argentifolii and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 81(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00150-7
Merthaningsih NP, Sudiarta IP, & Wirya GNAS. 2020. Identification of citrus whitefly, host of entomopathogenic fungi (Aschersonia placenta) in Bali Indonesia. IJBB. 7(2): 57–63. https://doi.org/10.24843/IJBB.2020.v07.i02.p01
Putranto HD, Brata B, & Yumiati Y. 2021. Study on contour feathers growth of White-rumped Shama during fledgling phase. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 788: 012085. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/788/1/012085
Rasjman NMS, Sudiarta IP, Phabiola TA, Wirya GNAS, & Suputra IPW. 2022. Metode isolasi jamur patogen serangga (Aschersonia placenta) menggunakan media water agar dan potato sucrose agar [Isolation method of insect pathogenic fungi (Aschersonia placenta) using water agar media and potato sucrose agar]. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika.11(2): 208–215.
Rodas-Martínez CE, Galindo-Alcántara A, Ruiz-Acosta SC, & Sánchez-Hernández R. 2023. Methods for the control of whitefly (Aleyrodidae) in citrus: a systematic review. Agro Productividad. 16(9): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.32854/agrop.v16i9.2372
Sa’idah KA & Asri MT. 2019. Pengaruh penambahan tepung kulit udang terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Beauveria bassiana [Effect of shrimp shell powder on the growth of Beauveria bassiana]. LenteraBio. 8(2): 96–100.
Sani I, Ismail SI, Abdullah S, Jalinas J, Jamian S, & Saad N. 2020. A review of the biology and control of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with special reference to biological control using entomopathogenic fungi. Insects. 11(9): 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090619
Sari DCAF, Oetari A, & Sjamsuridzal W. 2023. Cricket powder in the growth medium provides nutrition for the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium majus UICC 295. AIP Conf. Proc. 2023: 020150. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064147
Sari W & Khobir ML. 2019. Penambahan tepung serangga pada media perbanyakan untuk meningkatkan virulensi Beauveria bassiana terhadap walang sangit [Adding insect flour to the propagation media to increase the virulence of Beauveria bassiana against brown plant hoppers]. Jurnal Pro-Stek. 1(2): 70–79.
Sikder MdM, Mallik MRI, & Alam N. 2019. Identification and in vitro growth characteristics of entomopathogenic fungus-Aschersonia sp. in Bangladesh. Advances in Zoology and Botany. 7(1): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.13189/azb.2019.070102
Sowmya E, Hosamani AK, & Mamatha M. 2022. Mass production of insect pathogenic hypocreale fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae on solid substrates and liquid media. Journal of Biological Control. 36(2&3): 169–174. https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/30970
Sudiarta IP, Suputra IPW, & Wirya GNAS. 2019. New report of insect pathogenic fungi (Aschersonia sp.) of citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes sp.) in Bali Indonesia. Research in: Agricultural & Veterinary Sciences. 3(1): 22–27.
Sudiarta IP, Sugiarta D, Selangga DGW, Wirya GNAS, Gargita IWD, Yuliadhi KA, & Klett K. 2024. First report of Cladosporium dominicanum Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim. infecting whitefly on ornamental plants in Bali, Indonesia. JTBB. 9(2): 1–11.
Sujithra M, Rajkumar, Prathibha VH, Hegde V, & Poorani J. 2019. Occurrence of nesting whitefly Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. Indian J. Entomol. 81(3): 507–510 https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00109.3
Suputra IPW, Sudiarta IP, Wirya GNAS, & Sumiartha IK. 2019. New report of distribution of entomopathogenic fungi Aschersonia sp. infected whitefly in Bali. AJoAS. 9(2): 188–196. https://doi.org/10.24843/AJoAS.2019.v09.i02.p09
Terrones-Fernandez I, Rodero-De-Lamo L, López A, Peiró S, Asensio D, Castilla R, Gamez-Montero PJ, & Piqué N. 2024. Microwave oven application for the preparation and sterilization of microbiological culture media: a feasible method with an adapted water bath and perforable cap. Appl Sci. 14(6): 2340.
Wang D, Zhai SW, Zhang CX, Bai YY, An SH, & Xu YN. 2005. Evaluation on nutritional value of field crickets as a poultry feedstuff. AJAS. 18(5): 667–670. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.667
Wangi NNPS, Sudiarta IP, & Yuliadhi KA. 2023. Metode isolasi jamur patogen serangga (Aschersonia placenta) dengan menggunakan Media Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) [Isolation methods of insect pathogen fungus (Aschersonia placenta) using potato sucrose agar (PSA) media]. Agrica: Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture. 16(1): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.37478/agr.v16i1.2593